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出版University of Rochester, 2011
URLhttp://books.google.com.hk/books?id=OV-PnQAACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api
註釋"The work contained in this thesis is derived from five projects completed during my studies at the University of Rochester. The first chapter introduces general concepts useful in understanding the subsequent work. General measurement theory is discussed along with the idea of weak measurements and weak values. The second chapter discusses weak values in solid state systems and the relationship between these values and the Leggett-Garg Inequality. The calculations proceed with a quantum Bayesian approach to show the existence of the weak values, which can then be related to Leggett-Garg Inequalities through their similarities in measurement contexts. It is shown that violations of a Leggett-Garg Inequality occur if and only if a strange weak value can also be observed. The next chapter discusses a method of measuring a phase shift inspired by weak values with a sagnac interferometer. It is shown that one can measure an amplification of this phase shift with a sensitivity comparable to balanced homodyne detection, but with a much lower intensity incident on the detector. The fourth chapter presents an analysis of the entanglement dynamics of two qubits undergoing continuous parity measurement. Stochastic differential equations model the evolution and produce entanglement sudden death and genesis. Next, I detail a non-local protocol to correct for a random disturbance in amplitude or phase of an entangled pair of qubits. This correction regains part of the lost entanglement with the potential to improve quantum communication channels. The final chapter examines an aspect of quantum thermodynamics relevant at low temperatures. In these cases the coupling energy between system and environment is comparable to the system energy and can no longer be ignored as in classical thermodynamics. This can lead to violations of thermodynamical laws. An effective framework and redefinition of quantities is introduced to account for these violations"--Leaves v-vi