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註釋Integrates applied ecology, focusing on the real-world applications that are present throughout each subdiscipline of ecology. The text expands coverage of behavioural and ecosystems ecology, including a chapter on the life history theory which features sections on mating systems, sex ratios, habitat selection dispersal and age structure. The book also broadens materials on abiotic factors to include new discussions on such factors as nutrients, soil light, wind pH and salinity.