Benign prostatic hyperplasia and the resulting lower urinary tract symptoms is a major part of almost any urologist’s clinical practice. Due to the high prevalence of the disease in our aging population, new concepts and treatments are constantly entering the marketplace. Differences in patient preferences and desired outcomes require the practicing urologist to understand not only the pathophysiology of the disease but how specific treatments may be better suited for some patients and not others. This issue will address the current concepts and treatments available to urologists.