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Chapter 4. Molecular Mechanisms of Placebo Responses in Humans
出版Elsevier Inc. Chapters, 2013-08-28
主題Medical / NeurologyMedical / NeuroscienceMedical / Pain ManagementScience / Life Sciences / Neuroscience
ISBN01280641109780128064115
URLhttp://books.google.com.hk/books?id=OmxzDAAAQBAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api
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註釋Cognitive and emotional processes that are engaged during the administration of an otherwise inactive agent, a placebo, are capable of activating internal mechanisms that modify physiology. A network of regions, including the rostral anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices, insula, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, medial thalamus and periaqueductal gray, appear to be involved in placebo responses. Opioid and dopamine neurotransmission in these areas modulates various elements of the placebo effect, which appear to include the representation of its subjective value, updates of verbally-induced expectations over time, the recall of the pain and placebo experience and changes in affective state and in pain ratings. Inter-individual variability in the circuitry involved in placebo responses might shed light on individual differences involved in the regulation of stress responses, neuroendocrine and autonomic functions, mood, reward and integrative cognitive processes, such as decision-making, as regions involved in these processes largely overlap and correspond to those involved in placebo responses.