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Towards Digital Optical Networks
Ioannis Tomkos
Maria Spyropoulou
Karin Ennser
Martin Köhn
Branko Mikac
其他書名
COST Action 291 Final Report
出版
Springer
, 2009-04-22
主題
Computers / Networking / Hardware
Computers / Computer Engineering
Business & Economics / Information Management
Science / Physics / Optics & Light
Computers / Networking / General
Computers / Computer Science
Computers / Computer Architecture
ISBN
3642015247
9783642015243
URL
http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=PMNqCQAAQBAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api
EBook
SAMPLE
註釋
COST – the acronym for European COoperation in Science and Technology – is the oldest and widest European intergovernmental network for cooperation in - search. Established by the Ministerial Conference in November 1971, COST is presently used by the scientific communities of 35 European countries to coop- ate in common research projects supported by national funds. The funds provided by COST – less than 1% of the total value of the projects – support the COST cooperation networks (COST Actions) through which, with € 30 million per year, more than 30,000 European scientists are involved in - search having a total value which exceeds € 2 billion per year. This is the financial worth of the European added value which COST achieves. A “bottom up approach” (the initiative of launching a COST Action comes from the European scientists themselves), “à la carte participation” (only countries interested in the Action participate), “equality of access” (participation is open also to the scientific communities of countries not belonging to the European - ion) and “flexible structure” (easy implementation and light management of the research initiatives) are the main characteristics of COST.