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Adam Czerniaków 1880-1942
註釋A biography of Czerniaków, comprising the pre-1939 and wartime periods. Revises the view that, as the chairman of the Warsaw Jewish Council in 1939-42, Czerniaków was a passive tool of the Germans. His strategy was to look for allies, both among the German authorities of the city and within the Judenrat. Acting accordingly, Czerniaków could influence the decisions of the Germans and obtain some temporary benefits for the Jews of Warsaw. He devoted much time and energy to social and welfare issues, sometimes entering into conflicts with the rest of the Judenrat on this matter. Dwells on Czerniaków's suicide in July 1942 and on the fate of his relatives, some of whom survived.