The role of bronchoscopy in the evaluation and treatment of respiratory disease has evolved dramatically over the last decade. Originally a tool for examining and sampling the central endobronchial tree, it has broadened considerably to include techniques that now enable the treatment of an increasing number of conditions. In this ERS Monograph, the Guest Editors make this broad area easy to navigate by separating the book into three sections: technical aspects, diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic interventions. Within these sections, leading authors in the field provide chapters on: flexible and rigid bronchoscopy, bronchoscopy in intensive care, laryngoscopy, biopsy techniques, EBUS and EUS, cryobiopsy, early cancer therapies, airway stents and much more.