The book outlines the foundational principles of American political theory, focusing on key themes such as equality, natural rights, and the role of virtue in society. It begins with an overview of the Founding, touching on contentious issues like slavery and the Hamilton-Jefferson rivalry.

Subsequent chapters delve into the concepts of natural law and equality, emphasizing that all individuals are entitled to inherent rights. The discussion then shifts to the importance of consent in civil rights, alongside the relationship between rights and duties.

The text also examines domestic and foreign policy challenges that threaten individual rights, advocating for a moral framework rooted in virtue. It addresses societal roles, particularly concerning women and marriage, before exploring property rights and economic principles, including private ownership and free markets.

Finally, it reflects on the relevance of the Founding principles in contemporary society, urging a return to these foundational ideas amid evolving moral landscapes.