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More Studies on the CÄrvÄka/LokÄyata
註釋This book is a sequel to the authorâ (TM)s Studies on the CÄ rvÄ ka/LokÄ yata. Materialism appeared with different names at least from the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, the time of the Buddha. Some evidence of materialist thought is also found in the Upaniá1£ads. The epic, RÄ mÄ yaá1+a, features JÄ bÄ li, a proto-materialist character who denies the existence of the Other World, heaven and hell. Full-fledged materialist doctrines are also available in the works of the various opponents of materialism. The book deals with both the Pre-CÄ rvÄ kas and the CÄ rvÄ kas. For some unknown reason, all texts, including commentaries, of the CÄ rvÄ ka/LokÄ yata were lost after the twelfth century CE. However, on the basis of available fragments, the fundamental tenets of this system can still be reconstructed. This text contains the results of the most recent research in materialism in India.