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註釋The practice of performing some work zone activities at night has existed in the United States since at least the 1960s. Night work is most commonly initiated where it is impractical to close traffic lanes on certain high-volume roadways during normal daylight hours. Currently, there is no comprehensive evaluation of the changes in emissions associated with moving construction activities to the nighttime. It is commonly expected that when construction activities are shifted to the nighttime, reduced congestion levels could result in fewer wer vehicle emissions. The extent and scale of this impact has not been studied in detail. This research project investigated the air quality impacts of nighttime construction through case studies and developed a decision-support framework to help the stakeholders put the findings on air quality impacts in the larger context of other factors that are of importance when making a decision to pursue nighttime construction.