Textbook of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry-II is a comprehensive resource that explores the chemical and biological aspects of medicinal plants. It delves into metabolic pathways in higher plants, explaining how secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides are synthesized through pathways such as the Shikimic acid, Acetate, and Amino acid pathways. The book also introduces the use of radioactive isotopes in biogenetic studies, aiding in the tracing of metabolic transformations. A significant section is dedicated to secondary metabolites, discussing their biosources, composition, chemistry, and therapeutic uses. It covers alkaloids (Vinca, Opium), flavonoids (Tea, Ruta), cardiac glycosides (Digitalis), volatile oils (Clove, Cinnamon), and resins (Guggul, Benzoin), providing insight into their pharmacological and commercial significance. The book emphasizes the isolation, identification, and analysis of key phytoconstituents like menthol, artemisinin, caffeine, atropine, and podophyllotoxin, using modern extraction, chromatography, spectroscopy, and electrophoresis techniques. The industrial aspect is also highlighted, detailing the production, estimation, and utilization of essential bioactive compounds such as forskolin, taxol, vincristine, and digoxin, which are widely used in pharmaceuticals. The book integrates advanced phytochemical techniques, aiding in drug discovery and herbal medicine development. This textbook is an invaluable resource for pharmacy, botany, and medicinal chemistry students, offering both theoretical knowledge and practical applications in natural product chemistry and herbal drug research.