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Biologic Markers of Air Pollution Stress and Damage in Forests
註釋The Committee's Report; Air-Pollutant Distribution and Trends; Elevational Gradients/Local Chemistry; Large-Scale Monitoring; Use of Biomarkers to Monitor Forest Damage in Europe; Bioindicators in Air Pollution Research, Applications and Constraints; New and Emerging Technologies; Decline of Red Spruce in the Northern Appalachians, Determining if Air Pollution is an Important Factor; Forest Applications of Biomarkers in Southeastern Forests; Biomarkers for Defining Air Pollution Effects in Western Coniferous Forests; Symptoms as Bioindicators of Decline in European Forests; Resource Allocation in Trees and Ecosystems; Markers of Air Pollution in Forests, Nutrient Cycling; Human Perturbation of C, N, and S Biogeochemical Cycles, Historical Studies with Stable Isotopes; Tree-Ring Analysis as an Aid to Evaluating the Effects of Air Pollution on Tree Growth; Evaluation of Root-Growth and Functioning of Trees Exposed to Air Pollutants; The Use of Remote Sensing for the Study of Air Pollution Effects in Forests; Indigenous and Cultivated Plants as Bioindicators; Experiments and Observations on Epiphytic Lichens as Early Warning Sentinels of Forest Decline; Fungal and Bacterial Symbioses as Potential Biological Markers of Effects of Atmospheric Deposition on Forest Health; Microbial and Rhizosphere Markers of Air Pollution Induced Stress; Foliar Nitrate Reductase, a Marker for Assimilation of Atmospheric Nitrogen Oxides; Free-Radical Mediated Processes as Markers of Air Pollution Stress in Trees; Biochemical Indicators of Air Pollution Effects in Trees, Unambiguous Signals Based on Secondary Metabolites and Nitrogen in Fast Growing Species; Metals in Roots, Stem, and Foliage of Forest Trees; The Potential of Trees to Record Aluminum Mobilization and Changes in Alkaline Earth Availability; Carbon Allocation Processes as Indicators of Pollutant Impacts on Forest Trees; Photosynthesis and Transpiration Measurements as Biomarkers of Air Pollution Effects on Forests; Nutrient-Use Efficiency as an Indicator of Stress Effects in Forest Trees; Leaf Cuticles as Potential Markers of Air Pollutant Exposure in Trees; Air Pollutant-Low Temperature Interactions in Trees; Alteration of Chlorophyll in Plants upon Air Pollutant Exposure; Co-occurring Stress, Drought.