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Definitions and Types of Entrepreneurship

Alan Gutterman

出版	SSRN, 2021
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=Sm3ezwEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋

Few topics in the business area have attracted more attention among academics and journalists than “entrepreneurship”. The concept of entrepreneurship has existed for centuries and has been important to the development of modern economic and social life; however, research regarding “entrepreneurship” has been made challenging by the absence of a consistent definition of the term across the universe of studies on the topic. From an economic perspective, “entrepreneurship” is generally conceptualized as the creation of a new business and the bearing of the risk associated with that business in exchange for profits to be derived from the exploitation of opportunities in the marketplace (e.g., demands of consumers that are not currently being satisfied). Defined in this manner, entrepreneurship can take a variety of different forms. One of the most famous types of entrepreneurship, one that has also become closely aligned with conceptualizations of various forms of entrepreneurship, is Schumpeter's “creative destruction”. In Schumpeter's view, the entrepreneur is driven by innovation, which can take the form of a totally new product or process or an innovative change to existing products or processes, which ultimately “destroy”, or render obsolete, products and processes that have been used in the past. Some pundits have thrown up their hands with respect to efforts to define entrepreneurship, concluding that it was best to simply leave it that entrepreneurship involves the creation of something new. Perhaps this is too simplistic and there is value to Shane et al.'s description of entrepreneurship as a business process that encompasses several stages and activities including the identification and appraisal of opportunities, the choice to whether to exploit or sell the opportunities, efforts to acquire resources needed to exploit the opportunities, the development of an appropriate strategy for exploiting the opportunity, and the design of the new project or business model relating to the exploitation of the opportunity. This work provides an overview of various definitions and types of entrepreneurship.