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註釋Memoirs of a Jew born in Amsterdam in 1926, based on interviews with him conducted by Aalders in 2005. He had one brother, born in 1923. His parents owned a grocery store. At the age of 15 he was expelled from his school. Gert, a gentile in Amsterdam, who he met later in Vught and again after the war, provided him with a hiding place. He then decided to voluntarily report to the Schouwburg internment center in Amsterdam. From there he was, after seven months, transferred in 1943 to Vught and later to Westerbork and to Auschwitz. He survived the death march from Auschwitz in 1945, and was taken for forced labor to Hornstedt (or Holstedt?) and Dora, where he lost part of a finger that prevented him from becoming a musician. Finally, he was sent to work in a Steyr factory in Austria, where he was liberated in 1945. After the war he married and lived in Amsterdam; today he lives in Delft. His parents and brother were killed in 1943 in Sobibór; not one of his 12 uncles and aunts survived. He commenced lecturing about his camp experiences in 1993.