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Markups, Gaps, and the Welfare Costs of Business Fluctuations

Jordi GalíMark GertlerJ. David López-Salido

出版	Centre for Economic Policy Research, 2002
ISBN	84779378349788477937838
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=TjNXAAAAYAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋In this paper we present a simple, theory-based measure of the variations in aggregate economic efficiency associated with business fluctuations. We decompose this indicator, which we refer to as 'the gap', into two constituent parts: a price markup and a wage markup, and show that the latter accounts for the bulk of the fluctuations in our gap measure. Finally, we derive a measure of the welfare costs of business cycles that is directly related to our gap variable, and which takes into account explicitly the existence of a varying aggregate inefficiency. When applied to postwar U.S. data, for plausible parametrizations, our measure suggests welfare losses of fluctuations that are of a higher order of magnitude than those derived by Lucas (1987). It also suggests that the major postwar recessions involved substantial efficiency costs.