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Toward Volatile Metal Complexes of Rutherfordium - Results of Testexeriments with Zr and Hf

D. C. HoffmanK. E. GregorichH. NitscheP. M. ZielinskiG. K. PangC. M. Folden IIIChristoph Emanuel DüllmannS. Sudowe

出版	Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2004
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=TtuHDAEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋

The chemical investigation of the transactinide elements (TAN, Z {ge}104) is a topic of great interest in recent nuclear chemistry research. The highly charged nucleus accelerates the innermost electrons to relativistic velocities thus causing contraction of spherical (s, p{sub 1/2}) orbitals and expansion of the others (p{sub 3/2}, d, and f), which directly affects the chemical behavior of these elements. Deviations from trends established in the periodic table may therefore occur due to these so-called relativistic effects [1,2]. In gas phase experiments, mostly volatile inorganic compounds (e.g., halides or oxides) of TAN were investigated. We refer to [3] for a recent review. For reasons such as low production cross-sections or short half-lives, but also technical challenges, more sophisticated chemical studies have not yet been possible. One restriction in present TAN research is the plasma behind the target caused by the intense heavy ion beam. ''Weak'' molecules (e.g., organic ligands) are immediately destroyed, thus limiting the possibilities of synthesizing chemical compounds directly behind the target to ''simple'' and robust inorganic compounds. It is highly desirable to expand the knowledge on the chemical behavior of the TAN to other compound classes, e.g., volatile metal complexes. The use of the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator (BGS) [4] as a physical preseparator makes such studies possible by separating the beam from the desired TAN isotopes.