The present book on the Biodiversity of Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve deals with 539 species of higher plants and 361 species of animals (vertebrates). Besides geographical position and topography, the abiotic components, viz. geology, soils, water, climatic conditions etc., which determine the composition of biota in an ecosystem, have been discussed in details. Correct and valid names have been adopted for the floral and faunal elements along with local and English names. The keys have been provided for plant species from infra-specific to family level for easy identification. The short diagnostic description, phenology, ecology and distributional aspects have been provided under each plant species. Besides statistical analysis of floral composition, the phytogeographical and biological spectra have also been worked out to determine the routes of migration and phytoclimate respectively. Bioperspective value of the Reserve has been assessed to determine the economic potentiality and sustainable utilization of bioresources. The faunal diversity includes vertebrate fauna only, arranged in a classified manner. The shelter and feeding habits along with dependency of fauna on vegetation have been provided to determine plant-animal relationship and flow of energy. Details about endemic and threatened species of plants and animals, along with causes of threats, have been given for proper management of the Reserve.