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Narodowa Demokracja wobec kwestii żydowskiej na ziemiach polskich przed I wojną światową

Mieczysław Sobczak

出版	Wydawnictwo Akademii Ekonomicznej im. Oskara Langego we Wrocławiiu, 2007
ISBN	837011895X9788370118952
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=VmsMAQAAMAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋

The intricate relations with ethnic minorities - Germans, Ukrainians, and Jews - were a common problem in all three parts of partitioned Poland. The National Democrats were not the first to raise the "Jewish question" in the Russian and Austrian sections. Increasing economic competition between Poles and Jews in trade, crafts, and finances, as well as stereotypical prejudices against the Jews, and the ongoing traditional distance between both societies, caused a rise in antisemitism in the 19th century. The National Democrats, in particular Roman Dmowski, re-formulated their conception of membership in the Polish nation and denied the right of Jews to be a part of it. Other factors reinforced the distrust of Jews: the influx of Russified Jews from Lithuania into Poland; the rise of Jewish nationalism in the forms of Zionism and Folkism; as well as the political alliances of Jews with Ukrainians in Galicia and with Russian liberals in the Russian areas in the 1900s. The National Democrats also denounced their left-wing rivals as being under Jewish influence. However, they never advocated anti-Jewish violence in this period.