On 5 December 1496, King Manuel I signed the edict of expulsion affecting all Jews in Portugal, effective in 1497. In 1536, the Portuguese Inquisition was established, ending in 1821. These 324 years were centuries of unremitting difficulty for Jews, in Portugal itself as well as in any territory governed by Portugal.

In 2015, Portugal offered dual nationality to Jews who had a connection to the country, with a path to citizenship. Portuguese requirements for citizenship differed significantly from a similar offer by Spain, making the Portuguese pathway, simpler and less complicated.

This volume discusses my family's narrative showing my connection to Portugal and how I met each of the requirements for citizenship.