註釋 Fungus resistance: To combat fungal pathogens, different genes involved in the defense mechanism of higher plants were transferred to different Japonica rice varieties. Molecular analysis of the regenerated plants showed stable integration of the respective genes. Plants will be tested for their antifungal activity and the most promising candidates will be used for cross pollination in order to use a synergistic effect by combined expression of these genes in the same plant. Virus resistance: for resistance to the Rice Tungro Disease, a variety of constructs containing different, partially mutated sequences of the Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus (RTBV), were transferred to Japonica rice variety TP309. From 22 constructs, more than 300 transgenic plants were regenerated. Seeds from 52 independent lines were transferred to the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to test for Tungro-resistance. 