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Science and Technology Policies, National Competitiveness, and the Innovation Divide

出版	Centre for International Governance Innovation, 2007
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=ZRjJSAAACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋D. in Political Economy from the University of Waikato (New Zealand), and has previously been a SSHRC post-doctoral fellow of the College of Commerce, University of Saskatchewan, a faculty member at the University of New Brunswick, Bishop's University and Kansai-Gaidai University (Japan), and co-presi- dent of the Japan Studies Association of Canada. [...] In the midst of the rapid and unprecedented reorientation of the global economy, debate has arisen about the best means of mobilizing human and financial resources in the interests of national economic success. [...] As the pace of science-based innovation accelerated, the gap between the leading nations and the devel- oping world has grown steadily wider, generating intense debate about the drivers and actions needed to promote innovation and close the knowledge gap.2 The importance of the division between technologically rich and poor nations was popularized in the 1990s through the debate about "digital div [...] This occurred in England in the early to mid-19th century, fuel- ing the dynamic expansion of the British Empire, the United States at the turn of the 20th century, and Japan in the 1960s and 1970s. [...] Debate about the role of governments in promoting innova- tion touches on one of the central issues in the field of political economy: the matter of the role and effectiveness of governments in shaping national economic activity.