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Capitalists Against Markets
註釋Conventional wisdom argues that welfare state builders in the US and Sweden in the 1930s took their cues from labour and labour movements. "Capitalists Against Markets" makes the argument that pragmatic social reformers looked for support not only from below but also from above, taking into account capitalist interests and preferences. Juxtaposing two widely recognized extremes of welfare, the USA and Sweden, Peter Swenson shows that employer interests played a role in welfare state development in both countries. This broad-ranging comparative analysis begins with theory about employer interests under varying economic and institutional conditions, especially in labour markets shaped to a considerable degree by employers themselves. It then moves on to in-depth historical evidence starting from very early in the 1900s. The historical narrative reveals variations within and across the behavior of their capitalist classes. It gives reason to believe that capitalists were among essential allies of the American welfare state in the 1930s and beyond, not just forces for containing its expansion.