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Does the Nature of Spillovers Matter?

其他書名	An Investigation Into the Implications of Spillover Directionality in Research and Development Efforts
出版	Florida State University, 2008
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=aEmvAQAACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋In the second chapter, it is noted that spillovers of R & D are now typically modeled as either benefiting everyone by expanding the pool of knowledge for everyone (symmetric), or as benefiting only those who are behind, by some measure, the investing firm (asymmetric). In addition to the changes in R & D efforts that theoretical models would suggest based purely on profit maximization, it is possible that behavioral norms could effect decisions in ways that are not currently accounted for. The implications of these different assumptions about the nature of spillovers (symmetric vs. asymmetric) is examined in an experimental setting to determine if the behavioral norms that have been observed elsewhere, notably inequality aversion, are likely to be observed in the area of R & D investment as well. Aggregate results give little evidence that the nature of spillovers matters, but there is considerable heterogeneity among the subjects, casting doubt on usefulness of aggregate analysis. When analyzed at the individual level, between a fourth and a third of subjects appear to significantly change their investments based on the nature of spillovers, however, some invest more and others invest less when spillovers are asymmetric.