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註釋Horizontal management essentially exists when one or several managers of one or several organizations address a question no longer based exclusively on preoccupations for which they are responsible, but on a wider approach aiming at including interests, resources, and constraints of other stakeholders of this field. This report begins with a review of that concept, its typological formulas, benefits, and difficulties. It then summarizes case studies of horizontal management practices in Quebec selected according to such criteria as duration, diversity, and horizontality. This is followed by a summary of a seminar on horizontal management that discussed difficulties to be overcome, success factors, management skills, leadership abilities, ideal members of project teams, implementation dynamics, group animation & maintenance, accountability, types of horizontal management, life cycles of management structures, and exportability of the concept. The final section draws overall conclusions about the effectiveness of horizontal management.