Echnology development and the investigation of new disease indications in

neuromodulation is accelerating in the past decade. Non-invasive and invasive

technologies are moving in an unusually rapid pace from the bench-side to the

bedside. There are many renewed focuses on mechanisms of actions and new targets

that are closely connecting the basic and clinical research. Artificial intelligence and

machine learning are somewhat disrupting but also infusing new excitements to the

traditional models of experiments and clinical trials.

This Research Topic on “Neuromodulation in Neurological Diseases: New Technology,

Unconventional Ideas and Advances” collects articles that span pre-clinical,

translational, clinical and population sciences in various formats of neuromodulation.