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註釋Poverty is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. When Marx describes poverty as a state of inadequacy of labour, he points out that poverty is in fact a systemic problem. Under capitalism those who try to get along with their labour, the unemployed, the dispossessed peasants, the agricultural labourers, that is, those who take less than they create, are the only ones that can have a claim to be the ‘poor’. The recent negative effects of neo-liberal policies on the labour market and the rapid contraction of the welfare state have reduced the majority of the social segments that have been above the poverty line to the poverty line, while aggravating the conditions of those already under the poverty line. With these changes, new forms of poverty such as “urban poor”, “working poor”, “poor” and “information poverty” have come under discussion. Urban poverty, which is one of these relatively new forms of poverty, is the focus of this book. These new concepts of urban poverty and subclass poverty in social studies emphasize that urban poverty is a different type of poverty than the general understanding of poverty. These concepts, which describe the tendency of poverty in urban spaces to concentrate in certain regions, in fact signify more than the simple dichotomy, urban poverty against rural poverty, implies. Today, while most poverty discussions emphasize cyclical crises, structural poverty at times goes ignored. In this context, this study on urban poverty of Batman province analyzes the structural causes and appearances of poverty and the places where poverty is concentrated.