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Brief of Amici Curiae Economists in Support of Petitioners, Bell Atlantic V. Twombly

William J. BaumolMichael J. BoskinRobert W. CrandallKenneth G. ElzingaDavid S. EvansGerald R. FaulhaberFranklin M. FisherLuke M. FroebRichard GilbertPaul L. JoskowMichael L. KatzPaul R. MilgromThomas G. MooreJanusz A. OrdoverRobert H. PorterFrederic M. SchererRichard SchmalenseeMarius SchwartzDavid S. SibleyVernon L. SmithEdward A. SnyderA. Michael SpencePablo T. SpillerAlan SykesDavid TeeceMichael D. Whinston

出版	SSRN, 2013
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=dYvazwEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋

The "parallel behavior is enough" standard cannot assist the courts in distinguishing horizontal agreements to restrain trade from normal competition. It would very likely impose significant costs on the economy by distorting competitive incentives and encouraging meritless litigation designed mainly to induce financial settlements.