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A Framework to Protect Water Distribution Systems Against Potential Intrusions

出版	University of Cincinnati, 2001
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=doz7jwEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋A framework is developed to quantify the susceptibility of drinking water distribution systems to intrusion events. The framework integrates infrastructure information, hydraulic modeling, and demographic data. These elements are managed within a geographic information system (GIS). Using criteria that reflect system pressure, hydraulic intrusion pathways, and contaminant sources, the framework identifies locations within the distribution system susceptible to intrusion events. Locations found to be susceptible to intrusions are prioritized for attention based on proximity to sensitive populations, such as young children and the elderly. The proposed method is demonstrated with a case study based on a real distribution system. The study area encompasses approximately 38 square miles, includes three service areas, contains over 280 miles of water main serving 18,900 connections with a total average demand of five to six million gallons per day. Susceptibility conditions exist at some locations throughout the system; however, only rarely do all three conditions coincide. Hence very few locations were deemed susceptible to intrusion events. The framework may support capital improvement programs, operational decisions, and distribution system sampling designs. Methods such as this have been suggested as part of a larger distribution system management approach to improve water quality and at the same time reduce regulatory sampling requirements.