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Progress of the Personal Income Tax in Emerging and Developing Countries
Ms. Dora BenedekJuan Carlos BenitezCharles Vellutini
出版International Monetary Fund, 2022-01-28
主題Business & Economics / Economics / MacroeconomicsBusiness & Economics / Personal Finance / TaxationBusiness & Economics / Public FinanceBusiness & Economics / Taxation / GeneralBusiness & Economics / Taxation / CorporateBusiness & Economics / Economics / General
ISBN9798400201134
URLhttp://books.google.com.hk/books?id=eV5jEAAAQBAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api
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註釋Personal Income Tax (PIT) is one of the key sources of revenues in Advanced Economies (AEs) but plays a much more limited role in Low-Income Developing Countries (LIDCs) and Emerging Market Economies (EMEs), both in terms of revenue and redistributive impact. Notwithstanding, this paper shows that LIDCs and EMEs increased their PIT-to-GDP revenue by 110 and 48 percent, respectively, during the 1990-2019 period, a marked improvement in the PIT revenue performance. We find that this rise was driven primarily by economic developments and to a lesser extent by changes in the design of PIT systems. We also find that LIDCs that improved their tax-to-GDP ratios relied on a broader set of tax instruments and not exclusively on the PIT, suggesting that a successful revenue mobilization strategy of developing countries requires a comprehensive approach covering a wider range of taxes. Finally, using a newly assembled dataset of PIT characteristics of 157 countries over the 2006-2018 period, we estimate a novel redistribution index of the PIT in LIDCs. We show that the contribution of the PIT to inequality reductions has been significant.