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Design and Control of Smart Structural Systems Under Multiple Hazards

出版	Pennsylvania State University, 2024
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=etn40AEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋Engineers have a challenging task of designing structures that are resilient and perform well under extreme events. Therefore, structural systems are optimized at the material, component, and system levels under extreme design scenarios. This is usually achieved with performance-based design that satisfies motion and stiffness constraints of a structural systems for a specific set of earthquake loads. However, there exist the possibility of unexpected loading conditions that generate damages, compromising safety and serviceability. Given these complexities, there has been a growing interest in Smart Structures Technologies in the last five decades. These systems integrate sensors, damping devices, computers, and algorithms to improve the response of the structural system during extreme events. Despite evidences of providing higher performance, the implementation of protective systems and smart structures technology is not widely used in construction industry because there are several challenges related to design, cost of manufacturing, experience with installation, and reliability. To promote the development and implementation of smart structures, this dissertation addresses several aspects related to these challenges. First, a patented bio-inspired optimization algorithm is implemented to find patterns in novel structural systems. The proposed methodology is used to propose new equations that predict structural properties that can be used for the design of unique structural systems. Then, a reconfigurable mechanical system is studied to enable changes of shape that can be used in a variety of applications in materials and structures. The benefits of dynamic locking is combined with concepts in robotics to achieve energy efficiency in reconfigurable systems. Furthermore, a new methodology is developed to evaluate the vulnerability of smart structures to cyberattacks. This is a new hazard that has not been evaluated in structural control systems, and this research gives a better understanding of risks to take into account in the design, control, and implementation of damping devices inside a structure. Consequently, a new friction-based semi-active damper is developed, inspired by a cam-lever element, and combined with a slider-crank to exploit mechanical advantage. This approach reduces power requirements and creates a cost-effective actuation system. To study the reliability of the device, a series of small-scale prototypes were manufactured and subjected to realistic earthquake load scenarios using Real-time Hybrid Simulations (RTHS). However, to guarantee accurate simulations for a variety of prototypes and dynamic behaviors, a series of control methodologies for RTHS were studied numerically and experimentally. The proposed controllers promote the use of RTHS as a technique that reduces costs and complexity to experimentation while being a realistic representation of a system. Overall, the proposed methodologies promote research and development of novel smart structures technologies by providing tools for design, developing cost and energy efficient adaptive systems, evaluating new vulnerabilities, and improving experimental techniques.