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註釋In this paper, the authors study regularity and optimality conditions for the BLPP by using a newly proposed marginal function formulation, where the marginal function si defined by the optimal value function of the lower level problem. they address the regularity issue by exploring the structure of the tangent cones of the feasible set of the BLPP. These regularity results indicate that the nonlinear/nonlinear BLPP is most likely degenerate and the nonlinear/linear BLPP is regular in the conventional sense. Existence of exact penalty function is proved for a class of nonlinear/linear BLPP. Fritz-John type optimality conditions are derived for general nonlinear BLPP in the framework of nonsmooth analysis, while KKT type optimality conditions are obtained for a class of nonlinear/linear BLPP. A typical example is examined for these conditions and some applications of these conditions are pointed out.