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Agriculture, Fertilizers, and the Environment
Marit LægreidOluf Chr BøckmanOla Kaarstad
出版Cabi, 1999
主題Science / Life Sciences / BotanyScience / Environmental ScienceTechnology & Engineering / Agriculture / GeneralTechnology & Engineering / Agriculture / Agronomy / Soil Science
ISBN08519935839780851993584
URLhttp://books.google.com.hk/books?id=gPXwAAAAMAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api
註釋Global food production and challenges. The basis for food production - plant nutrients. Food and plant nutrients. Plant nutrient demand. Balanced crop nutrition. Nutrient sources. Nutrients from soil reserves. Nutrients from organic manures. Biological nitrogen fixation. Aerial deposition. Mineral fertilizers. 'Biofertilizers' and growth enhancers. The global challenge - to feed the people. Population growth and food availability. Population growth. Food supply. Food production in different regions. Food from the ocean. Future prospects. sutainable food production - constraints and opportunities. General overview. Soil productivity and land availability. Forests and deforestation. Freshwater and irrigation. Fertilizer use and demand. Plant breeding. Crop losses. Agriculture without fertilizers and pesticides - organic agriculture. Weather and climate - the greenhouse effect, the ozone layer and agriculture. Policy and economy. Soil productivity, fertilizer use and the environment. Concerns related to fertilizer use. Soil: the essential resource. Soil formation and development. Nutrients in soil. Soil organic matter. Fertilizers and soil life. Soil degradation. Soil erosion. Soil mining. Soil acidification. Other forms of degradation. Nitrogen. General overview. Nitrogen: chemistry and forms. Nitrogen fixation. Microbial conversions of fixed N. Human impacts on the nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen in soil - sources and utilization by plants. Nitrogen losses from agriculture. Atmospheric emission and deposition of ammonia and nitrogen oxides. Management practices to improve NUE and rninimize losses. Nitrate and health. Phosphorus. General overview. Phosphorus in soil and availability to plants. Phosphate losses. Agricultural management to reduce losses. The remaining nutrients - potassium, sulphur, magnesium, calcium, micronutrients. Potassium. Sulphur. Calcium and magnesium. The micronutrients. Other elements in fertilizers. General overview. Cadmium. Radioactive elements. Other elements. Eutrophication of fresh and marine waters. General overview. Nutrient sources and transport. Eutrophication of fresh waters. Eutrophication of the marine environment. Food quality, environmental and sustainability aspects of fertilizer use in agriculture. Produce quality. General overview. Nutrient management and produce quality. Produce quality and human and animal health. Nutrients and plant diseases. General overview. Primary and secondary nutrients. Micronutrients. Other factors. Biodiversity in intensive agriculture. Energy use in agriculture. Farm work and energy. Use of non-renewable energy. Energy efficiency in agriculture. Fertilizer production - emissions and use of energy and resources. General overview. Mining activities. Energy and raw material use in fertilizer production. Emissions from production. Solid waste. Safety and occupational health. Non-renewable nutrient and energy resources. General overview. Mineral resources. Energy - fossil fuels. Life-cycle analysis for food production. Productivity and sustainability challenges. World cereal production - challenges and opportunities. Wheat. General overview. Yield and major constraints. Future challenges. Rice. General overview. Yield and major constraints. Sustainability and environmental problems. Future challenges. Maize. General overview. Maize in various climates.Yield and major constraints. Soil fertility and fertilizer use. Future challenges. Agricultural productivity in various regions - constraints and opportunities. North America - Canada and the USA. Latin America. Western Europe. Central Europe and the former Soviet Union. South and South-East Asia. Oceania - Australia and New Zealand. Africa.