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An Investigation of the Problem of Mechanization and Worker Security in the Maritime Industry; Longshoremen Aspect

Stephen Lewis

出版	Defense Technical Information Center, 1967
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=gSodAQAAMAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋

Worker resistance to technological change should be expected in view of their bitter experience in the past with both employer and union groups alike. Psychologically, it cannot be expected that the workforce will be agreeable to change which might affect a change in those benefits they have fought so hard to acquire--whether the change be good or bad, it is the change itself that they would resist, either because of the real or imaginative problems it will create. Technological change will bring about a reduction in the manhours required to handle cargo movement. Recent studies have concluded that unitized handling, both pallets and containerization, will reduce longshore handling costs. This does not mean that the longshore industry will experience a reduction in the number of longshoremen required. The ILWU-PMA agreement concluded in 1960, which allowed for the introduction of technological improvements, has not resulted in a reduction of the workforce required. Indeed, longshoremen requirements have increased.