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State Dissatisfaction Within Global Environmental Fora

其他書名	Explaining the Pursuit of Forum Shopping
出版	Tufts University, 2010
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=gze3MwEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋This dissertation asks how states respond when their policy preferences are not being met within a global environmental forum and how state responses affect this forum over time. It develops a theoretical framework that conceptualizes forum shopping along a continuum of possible state actions taken when states disagree with the primary forum. This framework proposes that a state's institutional response depends on the institutional design of the primary forum, the state's national interest, and its capabilities. It is tested against empirical evidence from three cases: climate change, trade in endangered species and whaling. Methods comprise structured focused comparison, congruence and process tracing. This dissertation finds that institutional density indeed generates additional opportunities for state action, but finds there is an unwillingness to use them. Global environmental fora exhibit an "engagement pull" on states -- structurally, they have a high level of revisability and there are multiple constraints on the use of other fora. It is demonstrated how arguing and bargaining conducted by the actors at the center of institutional debates help reconstruct challenged institutions as focal points of cooperation; how state dissatisfaction causes institutional proliferation and how states and other actors can pursue a more effective and sustainable governance system.