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The Bigger Picture

其他書名	Exploring Gastric Protein Digestion Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Blood Parameters
出版	Wageningen University, 2024
ISBN	94644791599789464479157
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=hgeL0AEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋In chapter 2 we found that breast milk emptied faster than infant formula in lactating mothers, when differences in initial gastric volume between treatments were taken into account, in line with previous observations in infants. Infant formula had a larger top layer within the first 20 minutes after ingestion, which is most likely explained by differences at the fat globule interface between breast milk and formula. We studied casein in relative isolation in chapter 3 where goat casein and cow casein were shown to have different coagulating characteristics, as measured by AA kinetics and supported by the image texture measure contrast, while gastric emptying and the emptying of the fractions were similar. In chapter 4 we investigated coagulation in the food matrix and saw that the milks with different mineral compositions show different coagulating characteristics, as measured with higher serum AA in low CM milk, confirming in vitro results. Coagulation differences were further supported by MRI image analyses. Although the different coagulation characteristics did not influence overall GE the liquid fraction emptied quicker, while the coagulum persisted. Chapter 5 shows that heat treatment of pea protein did not alter its gastric emptying or postprandial AA kinetics. A semi-solid texture slowed down gastric emptying and subsequent AA absorption. Texture influenced the rate, but not total AA absorption of pea protein. In addition, in vitro data showed comparable results for texture differences, but not for heat treatment. That gastric emptying and the degree of milk coagulation might affect gastrointestinal symptoms after milk consumption has been investigated in chapter 6 where we found evidence that the degree of milk coagulation may be higher in individuals experiencing symptoms, possibly due to differences in pH and proteolytic enzyme activity. Total gastric emptying rate was similar, but more coagulum remained and the liquid emptied faster in the individuals experiencing symptoms.