Cadernos Ultramares seeks to present Brazilian culture and thought in a qualified way, through volumes bringing together important essays by renowned authors in different areas of knowledge. Considered the most important Brazilian art critic, Mário Pedrosa was a restless figure, capable of engaging with various areas of culture and thought. In this volume of Cadernos Ultramares, we bring together his proposals and reflections on indigenous art and his project for the Museum of Origins.