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On the Existence of Evils

ProclusJan OpsomerCarlos G. Steel

出版	Duckworth, 2003
主題	Philosophy / History & Surveys / Ancient & ClassicalPhilosophy / Free Will & DeterminismPhilosophy / Good & Evil
ISBN	07156319859780715631980
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=i-vWAAAAMAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋

Proclus' On the Existence of Evils is not a commentary, but helps to compensate for the dearth of Neoplatonist ethical commentaries. The central question addressed in the work is: how can there be evil in a providential world? Neoplatonists agree that it cannot be caused by higher and worthier beings. Plotinus had said that evil is matter, which, unlike Aristotle, he collapsed into mere privation or lack, thus reducing its reality. He also protected higher causes from responsibility by saying that evil may result from a combination of goods. Proclus objects: evil is real, and not a privation. Rather, it is a parasite feeding off good. Parasites have no proper cause, and higher beings are thus vindicated as being the causes only of the good off which evil feeds.