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The Evolution and Genomic Basis of Beetle Diversity
Duane D. McKenna
Seunggwan Shin
Dirk Ahrens
Michael Balke
Cristian Beza-Beza
Dave J. Clarke
Alexander Donath
Hermes E. Escalona
Frank Friedrich
Harald Letsch
Shanlin Liu
David Robert Maddison
Christoph Mayer
Bernhard Misof
Peyton J. Murin
Oliver Niehuis
Ralph S. Peters
Lars Podsiadlowski
Hans Pohl
Erin D. Scully
Evgeny Yan
Xin Zhou
Adam Ślipiński
Rolf G. Beutel
出版
Universität
, 2019
URL
http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=iJOazwEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api
註釋
Abstract: The order Coleoptera (beetles) is arguably the most speciose group of animals, but the evolutionary history of beetles, including the impacts of plant feeding (herbivory) on beetle diversification, remain poorly understood. We inferred the phylogeny of beetles using 4,818 genes for 146 species, estimated timing and rates of beetle diversification using 89 genes for 521 species representing all major lineages and traced the evolution of beetle genes enabling symbiont-independent digestion of lignocellulose using 154 genomes or transcriptomes. Phylogenomic analyses of these uniquely comprehensive datasets resolved previously controversial beetle relationships, dated the origin of Coleoptera to the Carboniferous, and supported the codiversification of beetles and angiosperms. Moreover, plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) obtained from bacteria and fungi via horizontal gene transfers may have been key to the Mesozoic diversification of herbivorous beetles--remarkably, both major independent origins of specialized herbivory in beetles coincide with the first appearances of an arsenal of PCWDEs encoded in their genomes. Furthermore, corresponding (Jurassic) diversification rate increases suggest that these novel genes triggered adaptive radiations that resulted in nearly half of all living beetle species. We propose that PCWDEs enabled efficient digestion of plant tissues, including lignocellulose in cell walls, facilitating the evolution of uniquely specialized plant-feeding habits, such as leaf mining and stem and wood boring. Beetle diversity thus appears to have resulted from multiple factors, including low extinction rates over a long evolutionary history, codiversification with angiosperms, and adaptive radiations of specialized herbivorous beetles following convergent horizontal transfers of microbial genes encoding PCWDEs