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Non-Tariff Measures Affecting EU-Exports

其他書名	Evidence from a Complaints-Inventory
出版	SSRN, 2008
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=kDLIzgEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋Evaluating the importance of non-tariff measures (NTMs) affecting imports remains a major challenge. This study reports evidence on the prevalence of NTMs based on an inventory of business complaints. This data source has the advantage of drawing on experiences of economic agents that are directly involved in trading activities, of containing information on quot;behind the border measuresquot;, and of covering procedural aspects of NTMs. The results suggest that natural resource based industries, such as agriculture and food, mining, and textiles, are most strongly affected by NTMs relative to their export volumes. Certification procedures, quantity control measures, and technical regulations are the types of NTM most frequently complained about. Complaints about domestic governance practices, such as impediments related to government procurement, investment restrictions, or insufficient intellectual property rights protection account for almost a third of all NTM observations and are in most cases not sector-specific, but of a general nature. These complaints are frequently associated with discriminatory practices or inappropriate regulations, while delays and obstructions are repeatedly mentioned in relation to customs and certification procedures and technical regulations. In any case, the findings in this study should be interpreted with care, as frequency ratios are sometimes poor indicators of the economic and trade effects that result from NTMs.