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Zwischen Abwehr und Bekehrung
註釋The attitude of Lutheran theologians in 17th-century Germany toward the Jews was determined by tension between rejection of them as a danger to Christianity and toleration in the hope of their conversion. They held that while this conversion was expected only at the end of days, it was meritorious in the meantime to convert individuals although Jewish "obstinacy" would probably prevent success in most cases. To make conversion possible, theologians held that Jews should be allowed to live among Christians, though under severe restrictions. They rejected forced conversions but advocated compulsory attendance at sermons, a measure adopted in some parts of Germany, especially in Hesse. Descriptions of the depravity of unconverted Jews by missionaries and some converts probably influenced the general populace more than the theologians' arguments for toleration. Among those discussed are Georg Calixt, Johann Müller, Esdras Edzard, and Philipp Jakob Spener.