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Tipperary and the First World War

出版	NUI, 2011
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=lSZ8MwEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋There has been a surge of interest in Ireland's role in the First World War over the past thirty years. This started with the work during the 1980s and 1990s by Pat Callan, Martin Staunton and David Fitzpatrick. Almost ten years later enough has certainly been done to move First World War studies forward from acknowledging the previously neglected nature of this history to an interrogation of the war which is free of that context. This thesis explores the impact the First World War had on County Tipperary. I have tried to examine not just the political but civilian responses to and experiences of the war. The recruiting campaign and the conscription crisis are two of the major themes and both provide an excellent way of measuring the political temperature of the day. The motives of recruits will always remain uncertain and it seems that the total number for Tipperary, about 4000 recruits, materialised in spite of recruiting efforts rather than because of them. The fear of conscription existed in Tipperary from the start. This is something noted in police and military reports. As the war went on calls for the introduction of conscription increased in frequency and many speakers began to threaten the audience with compulsion if more men did not enlist. This, in turn, worked against the recruiters and was acknowledged by the recruiting bodies as doing so. The Conscription Crisis was so serious in 1918 because it confirmed the suspicions people had for so many years; it built on deep-rooted fears. The crisis resulted in a unified protest with the Roman Catholic Church joining the resistance effort and it laid the groundwork for the eventual Sinn Féin rout of the Irish party in the December election. The devastation and killing of the First World War was reported from the start. Another interesting point here is how people in Tipperary were not shielded from the casualties and unique brutality faced by soldiers and civilians. These were reported from the start and injured and disabled soldiers appeared in towns and villages from the start. A vibrant home front also emerged during the war. If men moved to join the army then women moved to support them and the war effort by training in first aid, some as nurses and many others played a central role in fund raising for war charities and sending 'comforts' to troops in the field. Other areas examined include the economy, the political fortunes of the Irish Parliamentary Party in the county and the evolution of Volunteer movement. The general election of December 1918 and the battle for independence that followed muffled the trauma and emotion the county experienced during the First World War. But Tipperary emerged radicalised and divided.