This book is one of the products of the Ninth International Conference of Political Economy (ICOPEC) held in September 2018 at Panteion University with the main theme “10 years after the Great Recession: Orthodox versus Heterodox Economics”. This conference was co-organised by the Faculty of Economics of Marmara University, the Greek Association for Political Economy (GAPE), and the Department of Social Policy of Panteion University. This volume contains eight selected papers that benefited from comments and discussion during the conference and subsequently improved significantly. They analyze the relationship between the public sector and economic development.