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Responses to Interoceptive Exposure in Social Anxiety Disorder

其他書名	Further Exploration of the Relationship Between Anxiety Sensitivity and Social Anxiety
出版	University of Regina, 2011
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=lj0ingEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋There is accumulating evidence suggesting that anxiety sensitivity (AS; the fear of anxiety-related sensations based on the belief that they have harmful consequences; Reiss & McNally, 1985) may play a role in social anxiety disorder (SAD; e.g., Ball, Otto, Pollack, Uccello, & Rosenbaum, 1995). Precedent research has demonstrated the role of AS in panic disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (Taylor, Koch, & McNally, 1992), and subsequently, treatment techniques aimed at reducing AS (i.e., interoceptive exposure (IE)) have been studied in these populations (Schmidt & Trakowski, 2004; Wald & Taylor, 2008). The primary aim of the present investigation was to further explore the relationships between AS, IE, and SAD. This study describes the anxiety responses of individuals with SAD and nonclinical control participants to six standard IE exercises. A secondary aim was to explore the impact of AS on responses to the exercises, and to explore differential responding to the exercises when conducted in private versus group settings. A third aim was to investigate whether IE exercises triggered thoughts or memories of socially traumatic experiences in persons with SAD. This study also explored the relationships among AS (and its dimensions), other posited fundamental fears, trait anxiety, SAD symptom severity, and IE responses. Data were collected from 37 people with SAD and 28 nonclinical control participants who completed measures of social anxiety, AS, other anxiety-related measures, and six IE exercises. Generally, individuals with SAD responded more strongly to the IE exercises than did control participants. The IE exercises typically elicited mild to moderate anxiety reactions among persons with SAD, and the three most anxiety-provoking IE exercises in persons with SAD were straw breathing, spinning, and hyperventilating. Comparisons made between persons with SAD and higher AS versus those with SAD and lower AS indicated no statistically significant differences in responses on any of the IE exercises. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences in responses to the exercises among persons with SAD, depending on whether the exercises were completed in private versus group settings. The IE exercises did not elicit any recollections of thoughts or memories of traumatic social experiences in either persons with SAD or nonclinical control participants. The regression analyses showed differential relationships between AS (and its dimensions) and other anxiety-related measures, with the intensity of anxiety evoked during the IE exercises. These data offer preliminary evidence that persons with SAD respond fearfully to IE exercises, and provide an empirical basis for selecting specific IE exercises that may be the most effective in the treatment of SAD. Comprehensive results, clinical implications, and directions for future research are discussed.