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註釋'Slowly population growth and migration are contributing to a more urban future for Melanesia' 'Urbanisation represents not only the result of an increase in the extent of migration but also an intended long-term change of residence' 'The combination of disputed land ownership, increased claims for compensation from landowners and mismanagement have slowed the process of urban development and rendered it much more complex and expensive than in most other countries' 'In general urban authorities are underfunded for the tasks that they are expected to perform' 'The Melanesian states are too poor and too poorly organised to embark on more than a few token housing schemes, often financed by international aid and sometimes with the consequent destruction of local initiative and responsibility' 'The public works systems installed in colonial times creak and rust into obsolescence-every provincial centre in Papua New Guinea relies on water supply systems set up before independence'