The PTS is the only personality inventory measuring the behavioral expression of nervous system properties as distinguished by Pavlov, namely, strength of excitation, strength of inhibition, and mobility of nervous processes. The PTS was originally constructed with a cross-cultural approach in mind, and more than a dozen culture-specific but equivalent versions have now been developed. Reliability and validity of all language versions have been shown to be satisfactory. The PTS is especially useful in looking at the biological background of personality and in searching for links between temperament dimensions in adults, as measured by inventories based on different theories. Studies have also shown that it can be applied successfully in stress research.This International Handbook describes the constructs on which the PTS is based and its theoretical background, as well as its construction, psychometric properties, the large amount of cross-cultural data collected to date, its validity, and of course its administration and application. Appendixes list the universal item pool, items and scorekeys for the country-specific versions, as well as reproducing several of the different language versions of the questionnaire (including American English, Dutch, French, German, Greek, Italian, Polish, Russian, and Spanish versions).
