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An Examination Into the Temporal Patterning of Emotions, Cognitions, and Coping Strategies in Instrumental Performers

出版	Florida State University, 2008
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=mNvfjwEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋ABSTRACT: In the last two decades, the link between emotions and performance has received increased attention (Hanin, 2000a). While competitive anxiety has been examined in the domain of sport, performance anxiety has also been investigated in the performing arts (Kirchner, 2002; Tamborrino, 2001; Wilson, 1997). Researchers have attempted to identify effective coping strategies to manage these symptoms to prevent negative behavioral consequences (Salmon, Schrodt, & Wright, 1989; Steptoe, 1989; Wolfe, 1990). Although there is a great deal of research considering coping with emotions in sport and exercise (Fenz, 1976; Holt & Hogg, 2002; Marks, 2000; Yoo, 2001), studies considering performing artists have been poorly designed and implemented (Brodsky, 1996). Relatively few investigators have examined a performer's experience with anxiety beyond a description of the phenomenon. Lazarus' (1999) cognitive-motivational-relational (CMR) theory of emotion is applicable to stressful situations, such as performance. The CMR theory was used as a framework to study emotions, cognitions, self-control, and coping strategies during solo and ensemble performance timelines in a college-aged sample. This study addressed previously identified needs in the current literature such as the timeline for study, differences between experience levels, and gender differences. This study was intended to examine temporal patterns of emotions, cognitive appraisals, and coping strategies in musicians within a larger conceptual framework.