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註釋"According to the recent Institute of Medicine published report, approximately 100 million adults in America experience moderate to severe non-cancer-related chronic pain at any given time. This results in approximately 515 million lost days of work and 40 million physician visits each year.1 The estimated annual direct and indirect economic costs are approximately $600 billion and ex-ceed $100 billion for low back and limb pain alone.17,18,19,35 The surge in opioid prescribing for chronic pain has rendered opioids the most frequently prescribed category of medications in the United States57,58,59While few studies have validated the benefits of treating long-term non-cancer pain with chronic opioid therapy, an increasing number of studies have shown the poten-tial adverse risks associated with this approach.60,61 Deaths in the USA related to opioid overdose in 2017 exceeded 47,000, which is greater than the number of individuals who died in motor ve-hicle accidents that same year. 31,32 The need for new, safe, effective and sustainable therapies for the treatment of chronic pain has never been more imperative"--