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한국의 르완다 농업분야 Oda 종합평가 및 개선방안 (A Comprehensive Evaluation on Korea's Oda to Rwanda's Agriculture Sector and its Implication for Strategic Approaches).
Young Ho Park
Minji Jeong
Yejin Kim
Young-Chool Choi
Soo Hyun Moon
出版
SSRN
, 2020
URL
http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=nOrhzwEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api
註釋
English Abstract: This study conducts a comprehensive evaluation of Korea's ODA to Rwanda's agriculture sector and seeks ways to enhance its quality from a holistic point of view. Against this backdrop, this study carries out an evaluation using sub-sectors (hereafter 'clusters') of ODA as the basic unit, rather than assessing the performance of individual projects. This study is based on the view that cluster evaluation -- grouping projects with similar purposes into clusters and evaluating overall performance by cluster -- will enable comparative evaluation of different project sectors and provide meaningful insights in devising strategic plans for development assistance. With the establishment of the Country Partnership Strategy (CPS), the demand for comprehensive evaluation of aid performance at the industry level or the overall national development level, rather than at the level of each individual project, has been increasing. The research pursues evaluation in line with this policy demand. Recently, there has been a growing consensus in the domestic and international aid community that sporadic project aid should be avoided, while achieving CPS-level performance goals, and seeking state-level development assistance that meets the national development strategies of recipient countries. Chapter 2 examines the current state of Rwanda's agricultural ODA as well as its main characteristics. Based on the cluster classification criteria of this study, it was observed that Korea dispersed aid funds in a more decentralized manner compared to other developed countries. In addition, various aid projects of different characteristics were observed within a single cluster, making fragmentation in aid practice more evident. For example, in the case of the “agricultural development” cluster, three aid agencies have each carried out assistance projects with different characteristics. Aid projects have been executed independently without any link among different clusters. Considering Korea's relatively small aid scale and insufficient aid capacity, a decentralized resource allocation structure and sporadic aid delivery are not desirable. In Chapter 3, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted on Korea's ODA projects in Rwanda's agricultural sector between 2013 and 2017, using three frameworks: planning, operation and performance. The evaluation criteria consists of four indicators (relevance, efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability) widely used in the evaluation of international development projects. This study devised Cluster Performance Index (CPI) by numerically calculating each cluster's performance by each indicator. In addition, the Resource Allocation Index (RAI) was formulated to assess Korea's presence in the Rwandan agriculture ODA sector, where a number of international actors competitively provide aid. The RAI and CPI were then mapped in quandrants to visualize each cluster's performance compared to the amount of funds injected. The results of the comprehensive evaluation are summarized as follows. First, in terms of planning or strategic management, it appears that projects are mostly planned appropriately, but in some clusters, large amounts of the budget have been invested in poorly planned projects. Project sites being dispersed across multiple provinces was also a problem. Although Rwanda's small land area reduces inconveniences caused by such dispersion of sites, it would still be advisable to carry out similar or related projects in neighboring areas and to strategically conduct projects in the same cluster within the same district or cell through aid harmonization. Such strategic planning would promote efficiency in project management and lead to synergy between projects. Secondly, in terms of operational management, there was considerable room for improvement in all clusters. Particularly, all clusters scored below average in the Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) category. The number of monitoring sessions should be increased, and there is much to be improved in terms of monitoring quality. While it is important to build partnerships with aid agencies in the recipient countries in order to implement projects efficiently, all clusters scored moderately in this category. In terms of the rate of budget execution versus budget commitment, most clusters implemented their budgets efficiently as planned. While there were few cases of project periods being extended, there were several cases of modifications being made to the project contents. Considering that project planning cannot be perfect due to the shortage of professional ODA consulting agencies in Korea's ODA sector, this study avoided lowering CPI scores entirely based on the number of changes made. Instead, the background and gravity of each management. In terms of follow-up management, all clusters scored average. While post-completion project maintenance largely depends on the coordination system with the recipient country as well as the administration capacity of the local government in the project site, as projects are mainly carried out in areas with high poverty rates, the local governments tend to lack capacity. Korean ODA agencies can do little about the local governments' capacity, while they can make efforts to strengthen cooperation with the recipient country to ensure project sustainability. The better the partnership is, the more willing the recipient government will be to maintain completed projects. Overall, in terms of cluster average scores, projects have done best in the area of effectiveness, followed by relevance and sustainability, and scored lowest in efficiency. Chapter 4 comprehensively analyzes Korea's ODA to Rwanda's agriculture sector through network analysis and contribution analysis. Firstly, the “consistency” of Korea's ODA with regard to the goals presented in the Rwandan national development strategy and the CPS of the Korean government was measured through network analysis. While in the previous chapter the degree of consistency was simply measured by indexing, in this chapter, the degree was measured quantitatively. Considering that Korea's CPS is based on the development needs of the recipient country, it could be said that the CPS and Rwanda's national development strategy share common goals, but this study assumes that in reality they could have different priorities and examines both sides independently when measuring the degree of relevance of Korea's agricultural ODA with regard to them. Secondly, using System Dynamics Simulation, this study estimated the contribution of Korea's agricultural ODA to Rwanda's GDP and its employment inducement effect. The contribution of Korean ODA to Rwanda's GDP was analyzed by industry, and the contribution of the agricultural sector relative to that of other sectors was subsequently calculated in proportion. Quantitative measurement of the consistency of Korean projecttype ODA with respect to Rwanda's national development needs showed the highest consistency with the goal of expanding agricultural productivity, while there was little consistency with other objectives such as good governance, economic integration, etc. Combined analysis of project-type ODA and training-type ODA showed links, albeit weak, to development goals in fields other than agriculture. Moreover, contribution analysis showed that Korea's agricultural ODA to Rwanda has contributed approximately $100 million to Rwanda's GDP in 2016. Agricultural ODA contributed more to Rwanda's GDP than ODA in any other field. This implies that Korea should continue to prioritize the agricultural sector in its ODA to Rwanda. Furthermore, it was estimated that Korea's agricultural ODA has led to an average of about 4,000 jobs being created per year over the analysis period.
