Many nineteenth-century writers believed that the best tragedy should be read rather than performed, and they have often been attacked for their views by later critics. Through detailed analysis of Coleridge's Shakespearean Criticism, Lamb's On the Tragedies of Shakespeare, and Hazlitt's Characters of Shakespeare's Plays, Heller shows that in their concern with educating the reader these Romantics anticipate twentieth-century reader response criticism, educational theory, and film criticism.