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Grants for Students

其他書名	What They Do, Why They Work. Canadian Education Report Series
出版	Canadian Electronic Library., 2006
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=nfAwvwEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋Because this is outside the traditional definition of the term "grant," however, these kinds of payments will be excluded from the bulk of this survey, though the implications of subsidizing tuition fees in this manner will be examined again in the conclusion. [...] Moreover, to the extent that they provide money to people based on financial need, the need itself becomes a confounding factor in the analysis - to the extent one has detectable effects it is difficult to determine the extent to which one is measuring the effect of the need or the effect of the intervention designed to alleviate that need. [...] John, 1992) comes close to analyzing the differential effects of loans and grants on enrolment, but since the study assumed at the outset that low- income students will receive their package in the form of grants, the relative efficacy of the two instruments was not actually tested. [...] In St John's (2002) authoritative summary of policy and literature on college access in the United States, much of the literature says the decline of grants in the 1980s fuelled a widening gap in post-secondary rates between whites on the one hand and Blacks and Hispanics on the other. [...] The distribution of benefits of education is highly unequal; one simulation done by Statistics Canada and the federal department of Human Resources found the rate of return was over 30 percent for the top quintile of university graduates but actually negative for the bottom quintile of graduates (Boothby and Rowe 2002).